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Opinion: A conservative view on racial profiling Print E-mail
By Miguel De La Torre   
Monday, August 24, 2009

(ABP) -- When the issue of racial profiling is raised, there are usually three responses.

First, there is a group of Americans who would argue that racial profiling is a myth. This false consciousness is maintained in spite of overwhelming testimonial and physical evidence collected by government agencies to the contrary. An example of someone holding this view is conservative commentator Ann Coulter, who has said racial profiling is a “hoax.”

Rather than advocate racist attitudes, they attempt to turn the tables of the discourse by arguing that the ones who are really being oppressed are whites --specifically, white males. Robert Bork, the legal jurist whose nomination to the Supreme Court was defeated by Congress, wrote that the only group that is truly oppressed in the United Sates today is white heterosexual males. By recasting themselves as victims, victimizers are free from having to deal with the fact that societal structures continue to privilege them. Such folks are best ignored.

The second response to racial profiling admits it may exist, but says it is no longer the problem it used to be -- that we now live in a post-racial society, and any incidents of racial profiling are conducted by rogue or bigoted individuals. The proper response to profiling, in this view, is to educate individuals who may be tempted to racially profile, but not blame an entire society for the negative acts of a few. Former President George W. Bush is an excellent example of this type of thinking. According to him, “It’s wrong, and we will end it in America. In so doing, we will not hinder the work of our nation's brave police officers. They protect us every day -- often at great risk. But by stopping the abuses of a few, we will add to the public confidence our police officers earn and deserve.” Although those who hold this view may be sincere, they are wrong, ignoring the data that proves significant racial profiling exists.

To explain why the second group is wrong, we need to explore the third response to racial profiling -- a response that resonates with me and the vast majority of people of color. The third group would argue that most Americans ignore that centuries of Euro-American presence in what would become the United States was enabled by killing red people to steal their land, enslaving black people to steal their labor and, in the West, pauperizing brown people to steal their possessions.

While these injustices are historical, many Americans refuse to consider the consequences those past acts have had on our present reality.

How we have been taught to see those who were not white has been woven into the very fabric of the American tapestry. This is why you more than likely lock your car doors when driving though a Latino or African-American neighborhood. Even decades after the legislative gains of the Civil Rights Movement, we remain as segregated as before. It is because our social structures still lend themselves to bigotry and segregation -- regardless if we voted for Obama or marched with Martin Luther King.

Don’t believe me? Here’s a test: If you are white, how many people of color live in your neighborhood, attend your children’s schools, come to your house for a meal or attend your church? Compare your vanilla suburb with the chocolate urban center: Which neighborhood has better schools, police protection, government services and quality of life?

Then seriously ask yourself why that is.

But when people of color raise issues like racial profiling or the continuing systematic racism in our social structures, we are quickly labeled “racists” or “anti-American.” For many white Christians, there is a refusal to hear the cries of their brothers and sisters in Christ who are of color; there is a refusal to share in the suffering and humiliation experienced by many members of Christ’s body who do not have white pigmentation.

And worse, there is a refusal to simply hear our stories. May God have mercy! The acceptable response expected from people of color concerning racial profiling is to deny its existence, or to remain silent about it.

But when white conservatives make similar claims, they are viewed as thoughtful, if not prophetic. Very well, then; I’ll allow white conservatives to speak for me on the injustice of racial profiling. Below are some of their comments:

-- According to the Republican National Conservative Caucus: “Let's be honest about something: Police sometimes do harass minority-race Americans, simply because they are minority-race Americans.”

-- According to former Vice President Dick Cheney: “It’s the sense of anger and frustration and rage that would go with knowing that the only reason you were stopped ... was because of the color of your skin....”

-- According to the late Jerry Falwell: “[Racial Profiling] is something we can’t permit in a free society.”

-- According to former Attorney General John Ashcroft: “This [George W. Bush] administration ... has been opposed to racial profiling and has done more to indicate its opposition than ever in history. The president said it’s wrong and we’ll end it in America, and I subscribe to that. Using race ... as a proxy for potential criminal behavior is unconstitutional, and it undermines law enforcement by undermining the confidence that people can have in law enforcement.”

-30-

Miguel De La Torre is associate professor of social ethics at the Iliff School of Theology in Denver.

EDITORIAL DISCLAIMER: As part of our mission to provide credible and compelling information about matters of faith, Associated Baptist Press actively seeks a diversity of viewpoints in its columns, commentaries and other opinion-based content. Opinions expressed in these articles are not intended to represent ABP editorial policy and do not necessarily reflect the views of ABP's staff, board of directors or supporters.





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Comments (18)Add Comment
Keeping racism alive
written by Slick, August 25, 2009
Miguel continues his never-ending, left-wing whining and his drivel does little more than to fan the flames of racism. Drawing conclusions, however inappropriate or inaccurate, based on one's nationality or race is not likely to go away. It is the misbehavior of individuals in every race that causes others to judge them negatively. Sometimes it’s a prejudice inculcated into people in their formative years.

I’ve never understood the hatred Hitler and Nazi Germans (plus many others) had and continue to have for Jews. I didn’t take over the island that some Hawaiians call theirs and yet some there probably had negative attitudes toward me just because of my race. So what? I could care less what they think. So what if a Hawaiian policeman stopped me because he racially profiled me. If I did nothing wrong, there would have been noting he could do.

Mistreating anyone just because of his or her race, nationality, religious beliefs, etc., is wrong but it isn’t going to stop just as speeding, stealing, assaults, embezzlement, and adultery won’t ever stop in this world. Miguel is little different from the ultra right-wing, conservative, religious fundamentalists who see there lot in life as preaching condemnation of everyone else’s sin (as if they had none of their own). Miguel just does his condemnation from the other end.
...
written by Nabhi, August 25, 2009
Sin is always to be condemned -- even our own.
Funny that those who make such remarks as Slick have never had to deal with racial profilers in whatever aithority who could and would cook evidence, fabricate allegations, etc. -- all to excuse their profiling -- and be believed.
response
written by Dr. J, August 25, 2009
Robert Bork was correct as was Ann Coulter.
Should we destroy our ethnic and cultural identities?
written by Xenophon, August 28, 2009
In the course of Miguel De La Torre's opinion piece just above, he says "[t]he third group would argue that most Americans ignore that centuries of Euro-American presence in what would become the United States was enabled by killing red people to steal their land, enslaving black people to steal their labor and, in the West, pauperizing brown people to steal their possessions."

I agree that the United States is a European country and that in the course of our settling the North American continent that we stole the Indians' land. We also imported blacks against their will to work in both the North and the South. The North phased out the slavery after the Revolution, but many business interests continued to support slavery in the South since it was so profitable. *Complicity: How the North Promoted, Prolonged, and Profited from Slavery* by Anne Farrow, Joel Lange, and Jenifer Frank document this unsavory part of our history and deflate the arrogance of those who falsely believe that the American South is somehow uniquely evil in American history. Those in the West exploited Chinese labor and continued the marginalization and dishonest dealing with Indians.

So, what should we do about these past injustices? Destroy the current social fabric (to the extent that it remains) rooted in English culture, language, and philosophy? I can agree to apologies and reparations for Indians and blacks. I cannot agree that we should intermingle with people from all over the world to form a trans-ethnic, trans-cultural, trans-national movement that would lead to breaking down all such barriers around the world. That would be the end of America. It would be the end of Mexico. And on down the list of the great nations and cultures of the world.

After destroying the barriers that separate us as well as making each of our cultures distinct, then we would be lost in the hordes of people in the world with no one in particular being special to us. We would not bond with anyone in particular. Each individual would be reduced to a number lost in a homogeneous, impersonal mass. That is the egalitarian dream. It is the conservative nightmare. I see it as the milieu out of which the Anti-Christ will arise.
Well?
written by tmarsh0307, August 30, 2009
What about Ephesians 2:11-22, Galatians 3:26-29, and Revelation 5:9-10?

Just saying?

I think De La Torre has a point. However, his reputation with previous articles somehow shadows that point.
...
written by Jesdisciple, August 30, 2009
Xenophon: Community is impossible in a racially homogenous environment? That's ridiculous. Not everyone of a race looks the same - if you see that race often enough, anyway.

Slick: Hear, hear.
questions for tmarsh and Jesdisciple
written by Xenophon, August 31, 2009
Thanks for each of your replies to my comments on racial, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural differences. Before responding to each of your remarks in greater detail, I would appreciate each of you clarifying your views on these issues.

Do you see the separation of the races and linguistic groups as ordained by God as Genesis 10 & 11 seem to say? Do you believe that we should now seek to bring the races and linguistic groups together here on earth as we know it? Does the fact that the Gospel is open to all entail that human distinctions be abolished here on earth? If so, should we also do away with the sexual difference since the Gospel is open to men and women alike?

A second set of questions revolve around Revelation 13 & 17 and Daniel 11. Do you see the current world system degenerating to the point that a dictator leading a world government arises after the distinctions between nations and peoples break down? Do you see this dictator as the Anti-Christ who is the Satanic equivalent of the Messiah?

A third set of questions centers on the value of cultural, linguistic, racial pluralism. Do you see the practical value of these distinctions or would you like to see these distinctives abolished? If you do appreciate these distinctions that make people unique, do you believe that people can live together in the same community while maintaining their distinctions as they live as social equals with their fellows? If so, would you please cite two current or historical examples where such a diverse and equal society has ever existed?

Thanks again for the responses.
...
written by Jesdisciple, September 02, 2009
Xenophon, those are some intriguing points.

Genesis 10-11: I don't think we're supposed to enforce Noah's curse; that's God's job.

Revelation 13 & 17 Daniel 11: Yes, but we can't change the course of history in that regard. Again, that's not our job - and indeed we are to look forward to the second coming.

No, I see nothing helpful about different skin tones.

Glad to discuss. =)
reply to Jesdisciple, part 1
written by Xenophon, September 03, 2009
I was waiting for tmarsh to reply to my questions before answering Jesdisciple, but I shall go ahead and reply to his post before this opinion piece disappears from the opening page.

First, let me clarify how I approach social, political, legal, and economic issues. I do not simply consider what I think is fair in the abstract or I would like to see in order to make people feel better. Rather, I do consider these factors plus whether they work in context. One must make accommodations to particular situations as well as to human frailty in framing applications of general principles and what we would like to see happen in the world. I think this is what Slick was getting at in his own way above. I would not phrase this approach exactly as Slick did though since it can sound like we are winking at sin. That is not my approach. Rather, it is coming up with strategies that reflect reality within broad moral constraints to improve human well-being (here broadly conceived) as much as is feasible. Concocting ideal societies based on good will and a vivid imagination is not what I see as salutary in developing public policy. I also assume that most people are not born-again Christians in society at large and never will be as tragic as that reality is.

Now to Jesdisciple's specific responses to my questions. He chose to answer them selectively. Let me deal with the responses that he did make. First, I never referred to Noah's curse on Ham recounted in Genesis 9:20-27. This is a Red Herring ( a diversion from the main topic being discussed). I was referring to God separating the racial and language groups as presented in the passages that I cited above. There is no evidence in the biblical text that these divisions among people are no longer to be respected. At the same time, the Gospel is open to all people no matter their race or culture. But the fact that God loves everyone and wants all people to accept Jesus as Savior no more entails that all people should live together on earth with no concern for preserving their own lineage, culture, or language than it does that we should abolish the distinctions between men and women and their respective roles here on earth.

I suspect that one confusion here is that many assume that if we preserve differences among people, then there will be invidious discrimination against the less powerful. I would argue that this continues to be a real danger and we should take steps to be on guard against this hot potato. But we should also take steps to avoid inevitable conflicts. For example, the expression "good fences make for good neighbors" applies to nations as well. In Europe, the various peoples remain distinct but travel and visit each others' nations freely and peacefully. I would like to see that model expand around the world. I believe that this is as far as people can or should go in interacting.

This point I am now making is based on an Enlightenment understanding of racial and ethnic distinctions. Those in the Eighteenth Century who addressed the issue of race from the Enlightenment perspective such as Thomas Jefferson observed that people at large cannot accept people of other races in large numbers as social equals. In the next century, Lincoln held the same view. That view is borne out in historical and contemporary experience. That is why it is my own view.

This realistic view of race is to be distinguished from both the ancient view of race (culminating in the Nazi regime) that sees people of other races are innately inferior in every sense including morally and legally and the leftist egalitarian view that sees race as inconsequential. Jefferson and Lincoln correctly rejected both views. The first is immoral and inconsistent with universal human rights based on all people being created in God's image while the second view is not workable and usually involves the state employing draconian measures to force people together thereby violating the rights of the individual.

reply to Jesdisciple, part 2, attempt 2
written by Xenophon, September 03, 2009
When people of various races and language groups in significant numbers have been forced to live and work in close proximity, they tend to either become violent or to withdraw from the other group and even from each other. Numerous studies have found this disposition is at work today. This tendency destroys a sense of community. Even when different people become more homogenized in a superficial way, there is less social trust and openness. Consider that there is less social trust and cooperation in suburban areas than in small towns. So, this inclination God as implanted in us thousands of years ago is still present. If you believe that you are immune, here is a test from Harvard University that you can take right now to test your assumption about yourself: Here I left out the links since the previous post was blocked probably due to my listing several links out of fear of spam. The first can be found by doing a Google search for "Implicit Test, Harvard." The other links can be found by looking up "Robert Putnam and diversity study." An empirical confirmation of Putnam's work can be found by looking up the article, "The Production of Social Capital in US counties."
Anil Rupasingha a,∗, Stephan J. Goetz b, David Freshwater c. in *The Journal of Socio-Economics.* 35 (2006) 83–101. Maybe they will post the links later.

Finally, on the point of the Anti-Christ using the lack of social connectedness to gain power and use the power of a totalitarian state to attempt to displace Christ, there is plenty of evidence from history of dictators using the same ploy to dislodge people from their local moorings to induce them to become more dependent on the central government. Communist countries used this tactic as did Julius Caesar. I would argue that we are called upon to oppose evil and leave the consequences to God. I do not believe that God's sovereignty relieves us of our personal responsibility.

Reply to Xenophon
written by tmarsh0307, September 03, 2009
I think it is wise to recall that Genesis 10-11 and seperation of humans into various nationalities and linguistic groups is a result of the fall and not God's intention in creation.

Acts 2 is the reverse of Babel. All hear the gospel in their native tongue. Instead of confusing humanity, all are able to hear a good news that breaks linguistic barriers.

Regarding Daniel and Revelation - no. I take a more idealist and amillenial reading of Revelation and not a dispensational or premillenial view.

Regarding my scripture citations - I believe that the mission of the church is to live out the ideals of the kingdom of God in the midst of the fallen world. Does it eliminate various cultures? I don't know how it plays out. However, I think Paul was pretty clear that in Christ, status created by gender, race, and socio-economic class is to be abolished. Furthermore, I see the mission of the church as one that runs the risk of breaking through barriers to bring the gospel to the world.

Thanks for waiting...been busy.
Viva la Difference
written by Xenophon, September 03, 2009
I shall go ahead and respond to tmarsh's original reply to my post. He cryptically cites several passages from the Bible. So, let's consider each of tmarsh's biblical references. Are they saying that earthly distinctions among humans set in place by God via nature are no longer relevant in any way here on earth?

The first reference is to Ephesians 2:11-22: "Therefore remember that at one time you Gentiles in the flesh, called 'the uncircumcision' by what is called the circumcision, which is made in the flesh by hands— remember that you were at that time separated from Christ, alienated from the commonwealth of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world."

Frankly, I do not see the relevance of this passage to the issues under discussion here. Gentiles, i.e. non-Jews, were at one time alienated from God, but now they can be reconciled to God through Christ. We are not discussing who can be saved here. We are talking about whether it is just to (1) Racially profile people of minority ethnicities and the reasons leading to this practice (2) Is the solution to racial injustice to eradicate the distinctions here on earth between the races and ethnicities. We shall see this sort of confusion played out in other passages below.

The second passage referred to by tmarsh is Galatians 3:26-29:

"...[F]or in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God, through faith. 27 For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is no male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's offspring, heirs according to promise."

I think this passage comes closer to supporting tmarsh's implied point. But I do not read Paul's affirmation of all Christians' equality in Christ as proclaiming either of the following two assertions (1) All people throughout the world, whether Christian or non-Christian, are spiritual equals or in any other way equal (2) That Christians who are declared here as equal spiritually are equal on earth in any other way.


The third reference he makes is to Revelation 5:9-10, which reads:

"And they sang a new song, saying,

'Worthy are you to take the scroll
and to open its seals,
for you were slain, and by your blood you ransomed people for God
from every tribe and language and people and nation,
10 and you have made them a kingdom and priests to our God,
and they shall reign on the earth.'”

This scene occurs in Heaven referring to people from the earth who had been saved by Jesus' blood. While we shall live together in peace and love in Heaven and in a new earth, this truth and hope does not entail that we shall live that way here on earth as we know it as we are still in our fallen condition albeit saved.
opps I was minutes premature
written by Xenophon, September 03, 2009
I must have posted my reply just moments after tmarsh did. The thrust of what I said just above still applies. Let me deal now with new information in tmarsh's most recent responses to my questions. Thanks for a fair and clear answer to my some of my questions, tmarsh.

First, I think many of our differences center on our views of eschatology. I am much more pessimistic than you about the world system. I believe that the passages in Revelation 17 bears out my pessimism. If you are also a preterist, then we shall have to take up this dispute at another time. But this difference does explain a lot to both of us in understanding where the other is coming from. My pessimism leads me to such political thinkers as Adam Smith, James Madison, Niccolo Machiavelli (within certain bounds), and Edmund Burke (notice that these thinkers present a limited sort of optimism for this world given a pervasive pessimism concerning human nature). I suspect that your optimism leads you to an entirely different cast of political characters reflecting Tom Paine's radical adage that we can begin the world again.

Next, I do not see Acts 2 as permanently removing the language barrier among nations. As evidence for this position, I cite the fact that various people over the world still speak different languages. In light of Acts 2 should we all learn Esperanto or Latin or become Charismatics and speak a Heavenly language here on earth?

I agree that God confused the languages at the Tower of Babel because the people at that time were uniting for the purpose of attempting to dislodge God from his position in the Universe and replace him with themselves. What has changed since that time? The Holy Spirit does not indwell most people since most people are not born again. Incidentally, going back to our previous exchange on the importance of culture, I would point out that Sartre realized that people still had the desire to become God, which still motivates many of our actions (Sartre as well as Heidegger wrote from the basis of many Christian presuppositions). So, the need for the division of humanity is still needed. Also, from the passage in Revelation that you cited, it seems that we retain our ethnic and linguistic identity in Heaven but without the alienation that these differences can still bring here on earth.

I agree that the Gospel is for all regardless of language or culture or race, but as I said above, the Gospel does not alter the economy (in the broad sense of the word) of the world as we know it. There is no textual evidence that the Gospel was intended as a social, political, or legal message for the fallen world.
Eschatology
written by tmarsh0307, September 03, 2009
Xenophon,

I think that the differences lie in eschatology as well. I am not a preterist, though some of Revelation has historical reference to it. But Revelation is about the future as well.

An idealist would take Revelation 5:9-10, and all of Rev. 4-5 not as a future reality, but the overall picture of God's plan for human history unveiled in this scene of worship. An idealist will not say that we progress to it. However we also would not embrace the scenario of the Left Behind books where things "get worse." The world has always been dark and God's good future will climax one day in Jesus return. However, it has already begun in his first coming and the sending of the Spirit to create the church on Pentecost.

Some of the Jewish end time expectations, particularly the Holy Spirit being given to all God's people, were happening in the middle of history. Glimpses of God's kingdom were breaking into history.

I agree that the gospel is not a political program to bring about a Eutopia absent from God. However, Christians must embrace the ideals of God's future here and now in the present. If we are to eat with all races in the future, we are to create sacred space in the present in which that fellowship happens. We are not to have churches that serve specific demographics, but to some how practice what happened at Pentecost, and reach across the barriers that divide us. God's future is breaking into the present and we must nurture that, not neglect that.

Always good to read your comments. Thanks!
unrooted, social atomism, and statism?
written by Xenophon, September 04, 2009
tmarsh, thanks for your comments and clarifications. We really do disagree on some fundamentals. I think I addressed many of your latest remarks in my previous posts, especially the claim that spiritual equality entails equality of result here on earth. I doubt that is the case even in Heaven since we are rewarded differentially according to our deeds on earth. Following Rousseau, it is also difficult to see how it is practicable to maintain civilization and the level of wealth that supports it without a large degree of inequality.

I still do not understand how you deal with human depravity here on earth. How do we contain human evil? It seems what you are advocating removing barriers to allow a free reign for those in power, which has led historically to the worst sorts of abuses. The way of life that would follow uprooting people from their organic ways of life would seem likely to lead to a loss of a sense of place (being a Southerner, you should know exactly what I mean with this phrase), a loss of connectedness to particular people resulting social atomism, and the possibility of a brutal statism to enforce equality. If you reply that what you are after is not a Godless statism, I cannot but fall back on my concern about human falleness. Until the Millennium, which I do not believe we are now in, and a new Heaven and earth, I am afraid that we must place how to deal with human evil center stage in any discussion of public policy. I do not see that you are doing that from you comments above.

I shall leave the eschatological debates until another encounter. Would you please suggest reading on idealism, so that I can more fully understand your position?
Revelation and Apocalyptic
written by tmarsh0307, September 04, 2009
Mickey Efird's "Left Behind?", Bruce Metzger's "Breaking the Code" and Eugene Peterson's "Reversed Thunder" are great starts. Craig Keener's commentary of Revelation in the NIV Application series is an accessible commentary on Revelation as apocalyptic and idealistic that still considers the future aspect of God's coming Kingdom.

Richard Hays has a brilliant chapter on Revelation in his "The Moral Vision of the New Testament"
As For the Church's relationship Vis-a-vis the world
written by tmarsh0307, September 04, 2009
Stanley Hauerwas' Peaceable Kingdom and Resident Aliens (with Will Willimon) would be starting points as offering a counter-culture to the world.

Dallas Willard's The Divine Conspiracy and Bonhoeffer's The Cost of Discipleship would add to this conversation.

You seem to indicate that scripture's moral imperative for the breaking down of barriers to be enforced in our country and our world. Maybe that is where de la Torre is headed. I do not agree that the USA, or any other country, should enforce a moral vision that makes sense only to adherrants of our faith. However, within the body of Christ, we are to live out the values of God's future hear and now in the present as an alternative to culture and we are to take those values into how we related to others - regardless of government legislation. Salvation is not as much about eternal destiny and forgiveness of sins (though these are included) as it is a submission and practice of the way of life Jesus came to proclaim. We are to "Enter the Kingdom" in the present, not merely "believe so that we go to heaven when we die"

I reject the Reformation's view of separation of spheres and of allegiances. As a Christian, my allegiance is to God alone. As an American, I trust that my Christian convictions will keep me out of trouble. As for economics, I am a Luke 12:22-34 Christian: "Don't worry about it"
...
written by robber, September 16, 2009
just curious, DLT: do you ever look in the mirror as you think about this stuff?

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